Greek, Latin and Syriac ; from these versions successive translations were made into all the languages of modern Europe, until it becaine universally known Is Pilpay's Fables.
The narrator of the stories is in the Arabic version called Bidpai ; in the Sanskrit original no name similar to this occurs ; but it is certain that the name Pilpay, by which the work is known in Europe, is a corruption of Bidpai.
The Arabic Translation of the Panchatantra is called Kalila wa Damna ; it is thus designated in allusion to two jackals which act a conspicuous part in the first story of the Arabic version, and which we recognise in the Sanskrit and Kannrese under the forins Karataka and Damanaka.
The most admired Persian translation is not that which was first inade, but the one written at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and known under tlhe title of Anivàr-i-Soheili; which was afterwards rendered into Turkish with the designation of Humayun Naineh.
With the exception of the Bible there is probably no work that has been translated into so many languages as the Panchatantra. In India it has retained its popularity to the present time, and is found in soine form in all the spoken dialects of the country. The Sanskrit epitoine of the Panchatantra is terined the “ Hitopadesa,” or “Salutary Instruction." This has been translated into English isy Sir William Jones and by Sir Charles Wilkins.
"Its popularity” says Professor Johnson “ througlı so inany ages, ainidst such various nations, is evidence of intrinsic merit; and the pictures of domestic manners and human nature which it presents, how'- erer tinctured by national peculiarities, inust have
